国外用英文全面专业简洁详细地描述出口贸易的整个过程和每个环节

When a company exports goods abroad there are many problems it must consider, e.g. packaging, transportation,insurance and payment.

当一个公司出口货物到国外时，必须考虑许多问题，例如。 包装，运输，保险和付款等问题。

First the goods must be packed carefully in containers to protect them from damage.

首先，货物必须小心地装在容器中，以防止损坏。

The containers (or crates) must be labelled clearly to show where they are going, The label may also show what the containers (crates) contain.

容器（或条板箱）必须清楚地贴上标签（唛头），以显示它们将要去的地方。标签也可以显示包装箱（箱子）包含什么。

Goods can be transported by sea or by air. by a shipping company or by an airline.

货物可以 由航运公司或航空公司通过海运或空运运输。

If the goods are shipped, then transportation must be arranged from the factory to the docks (or quay).This can either be by road in trucks (or lorries) or by rail.

如果货物装船运输，则运工厂必须安排把货物从工厂运到码头（或海港），这可以通过在卡车（或货车）或通过铁路。

The shipment must be insured (covered) against loss or damage in transit (while it is being transported).

为了避免再运输过程中造成的损失或损坏，装运的货物必须投保（保险）。

sometimes the exporter takes out insurance and sometimes the importer insures the shipment depending on the terms of their agreement.

保险有时由出口商购买，有时由进口商投保，这取决与双方达成的协议条款。

If the good are damaged in transit the company is covered by the insurance.

如果商品在运输过程中损坏，保险将赔偿给出口公司。

Obviously someone has to pay for all these things, While goods are in transit. They are called freight ( or cargo),

显然，有人必须支付所有这些费用，当货物在运输途中，它们被称为运输货物（或货物），

so the company pays freight rates ( or shipping costs) to the shipping comapny, or if the goods are being transported by air, to the airline.

因此出口公司向航运公司支付运费（或运费）。或者，如果货物通过空运，则支付给航空公司。

The cargo is loaded at the docks, or at the airport, and for this the company pays handling charges, Also the company must pay packaging charges ( costs)

货物需要在码头或机场装运，为此出口公司需要支付装货处理费，公司还必须支付包装费（成本）

Exporting bring foreign currency into the country, so governments encourage export trade by giving assistance and incentive to exporters,

出口将外汇带入国内，因此，政府通过向出口商提供援助和激励，鼓励出口贸易，

Often companies borrow money (finance) from banks to finance exporting.This money is called export credit.

通常公司从银行借款（金融）融资出口。这笔钱称为出口信贷。

A government department called the E.C.G.D. ( Export Credit Guarantee Department) giving a guarantee to the bank. This guarantee means the government carries the loss if the foreign buyer does not pay.

政府有个叫 E.C.G.D. （出口信用保证部）部门，负责向银行提供担保。 这种担保是指如果外国买家不支付，政府承担损失。

It is a kind of insurance cover for the bank and the exporting (export) company.

这是给银行和出口公司提供的一种保险保障。

Another form of government assistance or incentive is tax relief or tax advantages.

另一种形式的政府援助或奖励是税收减免或税收优惠。

Every company must pay a proportion of its earnings to the government in the form of tax. Tax relief means that exporters pay less tax on money earned aborad.

每个公司都必须以税收的形式将其收入的一部分支付给政府。 税收减免意味着出口商对其所赚取的钱支付较少的税。